Peel

Peel

Peel testing is used to assess the bond quality and is a simple way of determining the adhesion strength of a material, especially in the case of a thin film deposited on a substrate.

By measuring the tension characteristics between the adhesive and the adherend surface, it is extremely useful in assessing the effects of processes (e.g. surface treatment, sterilisation) or real-life performance ( e.g. environmental exposure to temperature and pressure).

There are various methods of peel testing described in international and industry standards, but they all require at least one flexible adherend to be held in a tensile grip and separated from the other surface. The tensile force-extension values are continuously recorded to obtain precise data for calculating peel values. The main differences between the methods are the angles of peel and whether the peel angle remains constant during the test.

90 degree - requires a sliding table or peel wheel fixture to ensure the peel angle remains constant

135 degree - simulates the angle at which a person may peel a lid from a container (eg. a yoghurt pot)

180 degree - one of the adherends must be flexible enough so that it can essentially fold back on itself

Climbing drum - used when a flexible material is bonded to a very rigid adherend (eg. composite honeycomb aerospace panel)

Floating roller - used when a flexible material is bonded to a comparatively rigid adherend

T-peel - used for flexible-flexible adherends. Typically returns lower peel values than other methods since the entire load applied is transmitted to the bond

The result quoted for peel tests is the 'force per unit width' required to continue peeling the joint after initiation and is expressed typically as N/mm width. It is normally determined only from the flat portion of the force-extension curve without consideration for the first and last portions of the curve, where the load climbs and falls respectively.

However, the maximum tensile force, corresponding to the initiation of adhesive failure, is sometimes used, as it can be a more relevant indicator particularly when adhesives & laminates are sensitive to environmental degradation.

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Having an in-house test capability is essential when developing new processes and products. Having the Mecmesin tester at Cambridge Nanotherm has allowed us to reduce test cycles significantly. The software package also gives us the ability to analyse the subtle differences in adhesion mechanisms and also gives us the ability to produce detailed reports for our suppliers and customers.

Steven Curtis, Chief Engineering Officer
Cambridge Nanotherm Ltd

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