Tensile strength | Mecmesin

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Tensile testing is the most common method employed to determine the mechanical strength of an object. It involves the application of uniaxial force to measure the performance of a test specimen, up to the point of it yielding or breaking, whether sharply or gradually. In simple terms, it is pulling something apart in a straight line and seeing how it changes.

In cases where pulling in tension to reach ultimate failure is not required, the tensile strength of an object can often be characterised by its elongation and relaxation properties, as in elastomers and springs.

The sample under test may be a specimen of raw material or a processed manufactured product. The specimen is usually held between 2 tensile grips and load is applied at a constant rate by a tension/compression tester fitted with a loadcell. Data is collected and can be plotted on a graph showing the curve of force/extension or stress/strain.

Calculations are typically performed on the data with results presented most commonly as:

tensile strength - the ultimate strength of a material subjected to tensile loading, it is the maximum stress developed in a material during a tensile test
break strength - the load at which a break is detected, as defined by a drop in load. It may be different from tensile strength
yield strength - the maximum stress that can be applied to a material without causing plastic deformation, it is the stress at which a material exhibits permanent deformation and is a practical approximation of the elastic limit
Youngs modulus (modulus of elasticity) - the gradient of the stress vs strain graph where the relationship between stress and strain is linear

Tensile testing is an important part of the design for ensuring product safety and integrity, as well as being an essential part of quality-control testing for consistency in manufacture and assembly.

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Featured case studies

MultiTest 50-i cable suspension system tester in-situ

Tensile testing wire joining systems

Tension testing face mask loops for attachment strength

Face mask strength testing

Puncture resistance test of protective glove material specimen to ISO 374

Surgical rubber glove tensile strength testing

Standards

Featured or equivalent test standards for Mecmesin solutions in this section

ASTM C297

Standard Test Method for Flatwise Tensile Strength of Sandwich Constructions

ASTM C393

Standard Test Method for Core Shear Properties of Sandwich Constructions by Beam Flexure

ASTM D3217

Standard Test Methods for Breaking Tenacity of Manufactured Textile Fibers in Loop or Knot Configurations

ASTM D3577

Standard Specification for Rubber Surgical Gloves

ASTM D3578

Standard Specification for Rubber Examination Gloves

ASTM D3822

Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Single Textile Fibers

ASTM D412-16

Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers— Tension1

ASTM D6862-11

Standard Test Method for 90 Degree Peel Resistance of Adhesives

ASTM F2923

Standard Specification for Consumer Product Safety for Children’s Jewelry

ASTM F2999

Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Adult Jewelry

BS EN 12090

Thermal insulating products for building applications. Determination of shear behaviour

BS EN 12430

Thermal insulating products for building applications. Determination of behaviour under point load

BS EN 1263-1

Safety nets Safety requirements, test methods

BS EN 1263-1

Safety nets Safety requirements, test methods

BS EN 1607

Thermal insulating products for building applications - Determination of tensile strength perpendicular to faces

BS EN 1608

Thermal insulating products for building applications. Determination of tensile strength parallel to faces

BS EN 319

Particleboards and fibreboards - Determination of tensile strength perpendicular to the plane of the board

BS EN 60352-2

Solderless connections. Crimped connections. General requirements, test methods and practical guidance

BS EN 71-1

Safety of toys. Part 1: Mechanical and physical properties

BS EN ISO 13934-1

Textiles. Tensile properties of fabrics. Determination of maximum force and elongation at maximum force using the strip method

BS EN ISO 1806

Fishing nets. Determination of mesh breaking force of netting

BS EN ISO 1806

Fishing nets. Determination of mesh breaking force of netting

BS EN ISO 2062

Textiles. Yarns from packages. Determination of single-end breaking force and elongation at break using constant rate of extension (CRE) tester

BS EN ISO 3376

Leather. Physical and mechanical tests. Determination of tensile strength and percentage extension

BS EN ISO 527-1

Plastics. Determination of tensile properties. General principles

EN 12089

Thermal insulating products for building applications. Determination of bending behaviour

EN 826

Thermal insulating products for building applications - determination of compression behaviour

ISO 1805

Fishing nets — Determination of breaking force and knot breaking force of netting yarns

ISO 23910

Leather - Physical and mechanical tests -Measurement of stitch tear resistance

ISO 3377-2

Leather -- Physical and mechanical tests -- Determination of tear load -- Part 2: Double edge tear

ISO 374-4

Protective gloves against dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms — Part 4: Determination of resistance to degradation by chemicals

ISO 6425

Horology - Divers' watches

ISO 9073-3

Textiles - Test methods for nonwovens - Part 3: Determination of tensile strength and elongation

NF S86-604

Horology - Characterization of metallic bracelets for watches

NF S86-606

Watch industry. Test methods for leather and non-metallic bracelets

SAE AS7928

Terminals, Lug: Splices, Conductor: Crimp Style, Copper, General Specification for

Student observes a three-point bend test of an Oreo, part of an in-class laboratory in their Introduction to Materials Science course. Real-time results from the MultiTest are projected in the classroom.

Case study

Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) finds Materials Science's sweet spot

Calibrated, measured load graphing visually indicates the sample’s performance as it is stretched

Case study

Fishing line and knot strength

MultiTest 50-i cable suspension system tester in-situ

Case study

Tensile testing wire joining systems

ISO13934-1 Strip method and ASTMD3217 Breaking tenacity loop method

Case study

Extreme sports waterproof bio-textile mechanical properties

Large solenoid tension test with pulley system

Case study

Solenoid force testing

Tension testing face mask loops for attachment strength

Case study

Face mask strength testing

Puncture resistance test of protective glove material specimen to ISO 374

Case study

Surgical rubber glove tensile strength testing

ASTM D1037 Furniture screw fixing pull out fixture in use on a coated surface panel

Case study

Tensile testing of board used in self-assembly and ready-made furniture

Leather sample specimen elongation test equipment to ISO 3376 with graphical results

Case study

Leather ISO Testing to Strength, Elongation and Tear Resistance Methods

Police Job Relate Fitness Test representative pass/fail effort calibration

Case study

Police force manual handling and protective clothing

Tensile strength testing of a children's bracelet

Case study

Jewellery testing to tensile strength standards for safety and durability

Fishing net tensile strength test to ISO 1806 with bollard grips

Case study

Fishing net tensile strength testing to ISO1805 and ISO1806

Handbag rotating clasp torque test with custom fixtures

Case study

Handbag clasps and other luggage components

Watch strap spring bar tensile strength test

Case study

Force testing of watch components and attachments

Mineral wool panel peel test and tensile strength test results

Case study

Mineral wool insulation panel testing

Syringe luer connecter pull-off strength [PDV10032]

Custom-fit

Glass syringe Luer lock attachment pull-off

Electrical filament pull-out test PDV13150

Custom-fit

Electrical assembly component strength

Suction fixture carton fold test, fully open position [PDV8017]

Custom-fit

Cardboard beverage bottle carrier unfolding

Medical tube pull-off [PDV14004]

Custom-fit

Syringe tube pull-off testing

Tensile test filtration sheet from medical device

Custom-fit

Inline respiratory filter pull test

Weld break test system MDD and AFG gauge display PDV9037

Custom-fit

Injection moulded assembly integrity

Cable cam grips [PDV12086] for pull test of spliced welded wire

Custom-fit

Cost effective cable strength testing

Cosmetics brush pull-out [PDV14098]

Custom-fit

Cosmetics brush pull-out testing

Seat belt mechanism test close up on site

Case study

Seat belt locking device test

Multi-layer fabric tear resistance test

Case study

Peel strength and elongation testing of water-blocking tape

Medical injector testing fixtures designed in-house

Case study

Pen injector training aid testing

Asthma medical device spring testing on site

Case study

Respiratory device spring test

Food plastic film tensile test on a motorised tensile tester with digital gauge

Case study

Plastic film tension test

Plastic molded conveyor component tensile test

Case study

Plastic chain conveyor tensile strength test

Animal ID tag test and samples

Case study

Animal identification tags strength and disassembly testing

Battery terminal pull-off tensile testing in production facility

Case study

Battery terminal weld integrity tensile test

Car door closing effort test complete solution

Case study

Car door closure effort

Polythene film tensile strength testing at manufacturer with graphical output on screen

Case study

Tensile testing on polyethylene film

Elongation under tension testing of rubber sealing component material dogbone specimen

Case study

Tensile test on rubber gaskets

Surgical guidewire break strength test with pneumatic grips

Case study

Medical guidewire break strength test

Load cage fixture for multiple medical device tests

Case study

Medical devices testing

Cardboard packaging opening out from flat with vacuum fixture full system

Case study

Glued cardboard packaging integrity

Furniture webbing cyclic compression test

Case study

Furniture webbing tensile strength test

External festive lighting anchorage fixings and pull-out testing method

Case study

Festive lighting masonry anchorage strength checking

Cricket ball core compression test system applying load via a compression plate

Case study

Cricket ball compressive deformation strength and cover material tensile strength

Safety net strength test on site

Case study

Construction safety netting certification testing

Horizontally oriented test stand to measure the stroke force of solenoids

Case study

Solenoid testing

Shoulder joint prosthesis testing fixtures close-up montage

Case study

Shoulder prostheses tensile testing

Scaffold safety netting test using pin fixtures designed to ISO 1806 standard specification

Case study

Scaffold support netting tester

Airbag connector pull-off test on customer site and example specimen product

Case study

Safety critical welds in vehicle airbags

The needle to lancet pull-out test used a special upper fixture and a wedge grip

Case study

Needle to ferrule pull-out test

Hot-air balloon of fabric material

Case study

Hot air balloon cloth tensile strength and tear-resistance testing

Custom fixture to load and measure the displacement of the dispensing cap

Case study

End float test of inhaler cap

Extraction force of mounting clip test

Case study

Testing metal shutter raw material for tensile strength

Spring-examples-and-AFG-hook-compression-plate

Case study

Spring design and manufacture

Spider and silk thread tensile

Case study

Spider Silk Tensile Strength and Toughness

Sports drink cap pull off test close-up

Case study

ISBT sports closure tension test

Further test types

elongation and recovery

grab method (fabrics)

strip method (fabrics)