Search results
251
[Page extract]
Introduction to breaking torque tests
Breaking torque testing, also known as torque-to-failure is a critical mechanical test used to determine the point at which a component or assembly fails under rotational force.
252
[Page extract]
FAQs about trapezoidal tear testing
What materials can be tested?
Any flexible sheet material including textiles, nonwovens, films, laminates, and membranes.
253
[Page extract]
How tension testing is performed
Tensile strength testing
Tensile strength testing follows established international standards such as ISO 527 and ASTM D63
254
[Page extract]
The role of ECT in quality assurance
The Edge Crush Test is a widely used measure for predicting box stacking performance.
255
[Page extract]
What is elongation at break?
Elongation at break measures how much a material can stretch before it fractures. Expressed as a percentage of the original gauge length, it is a key indicator of ductility and toughness.
256
[Page extract]
Step-by-step needle penetration testing process
Sample preparation
Specimens are cut to the required dimensions and conditioned to the specified environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity. Thickness and surface finish are controlled for consistency.
257
[Page extract]
Step-by-step guide to conducting the ring crush test
Prepare the sample
Cut samples to the required size specified by the relevant standard, typically corresponding to a circumference of 152 mm. Condition the samples at the specified temperature and humidity.
258
[Page extract]
Calculating secant modulus
Accurate calculation requires stress-strain data, typically obtained from tensile, compressive, or
259
[Page extract]
Key puncture resistance testing methods
Different materials and applications require different puncture testing methods. The two most common categories are high-force puncture testing and slow puncture testing.
260
[Page extract]
Grab method vs strip method
Compared with the strip method (as defined by ISO 13934-1), which grips the full width of the fabric, the grab method
261
[Page extract]
Interpreting trapezoidal tear test results
Test results typically report peak tear force in newtons, and sometimes the average force during propagation. Engineers use this data to:
262
[Page extract]
Introduction to tensile testing
Tensile testing is one of the most widely used methods in material science for determining the mechanical properties of materials under uniaxial tension.
263
[Page extract]
Applications across industries
Tensile strength testing is essential in product development, quality control, and certification across multiple sectors:
264
[Page extract]
Introduction to T-peel testing
T-peel testing is a specialised method for determining the adhesive bond strength between two flexible materials joined together.
265
[Page extract]
How is 180 degree peel testing performed
The test is carried out on a universal testing machine fitted with a suitable peel fixture.
266
[Page extract]
Anchorage strength testing
Definition and purpose
Anchorage strength testing evaluates how securely a component is fixed into place, whether crimped, inserted, bonde
267
[Page extract]
What is the grab method?
The grab method is a tensile testing technique where only the centre of a fabric specimen is gripped during testing — typically using 100 mm × 150 mm test specimens with a 50 mm wide clamp
268
[Page extract]
Introduction to tensile strength
Tensile strength is a fundamental mechanical property that defines a material’s ability to resist forces that attempt to pull it apart. It represents the maximum tensile stress a material can withstand before failure.
269
[Page extract]
Interpreting test results
Peel strength is typically reported in newtons per metre (N/m) or per 25 mm of bond width (N/25mm), depending on the industry standard. From the force-displacement graph, the following characteristics are analysed:
270
[Page extract]
How is the trapezoidal tear test performed?
A standard trapezoidal tear test follows a consistent sequence:
271
[Page extract]
Comparing compressive and tensile modulus
While compressive modulus measures stiffness under compression, tensile modulus measures stiffness under tension.
Key differences:
272
[Page extract]
Interpreting ECT results
Factors influencing results
Flute type and size - A-flute, B-flute, C-flute, or combinations such as double-wall can affect edgewise strength.
Material quality - Fibre composition, paper grade
273
[Page extract]
Come azienda, vogliamo assumere un ruolo attivo nel formare i leader emergenti dell'industria tecnica statunitense. Per questo motivo collaboriamo con i programmi tecnici per formare la prossima generazione di studenti tecnici.
274
[Page extract]
Key applications of pull-off and pull-out testing
The versatility of these tests means they are used across a broad range of products and industries.
275
[Page extract]
Types of peel tests
90° peel test
This method is used for flexible-to-rigid bonds, where the flexible layer is peeled away at a right angle to the substrate. It is common for: